We are fortunate to live in a nation with an economic system capable of producing for its people the highest standard of living in the world; a system flexible enough to change its ways dramatically when circumstances call for change; and, most important, a system resourceful enough to produce prosperity with freedom and opportunity unmatched in the history of nations. The purposes of the Government actions I have announced tonight are to lay the basis for renewed confidence, to make it possible for us to compete fairly with the rest of the world, to open the door to new prosperity. But government, with all of its powers, does not hold the key to the success of a people. That key, my fellow Americans, is in your hands. A nation, like a person, has to have a certain inner drive in order to succeed. In economic affairs, that inner drive is called the competitive spirit. Every action I have taken tonight is designed to nurture and stimulate that competitive spirit, to help us snap out of the self-doubt, the self-disparagement that saps our energy and erodes our confidence in ourselves. Whether this Nation stays number one in the world's economy or resigns itself to second, third, or fourth place; whether we as a people have faith in ourselves, or lose that faith; whether we hold fast to the strength that makes peace and freedom possible in this world, or lose our grip--all that depends on you, on your competitive spirit, your sense of personal destiny, your pride in your country and in yourself. We can be certain of this: As the threat of war recedes, the challenge of peaceful competition in the world will greatly increase. We welcome competition, because America is at her greatest when she is called on to compete. As there always have been in our history, there will be voices urging us to shrink from that challenge of competition, to build a protective wall around ourselves, to crawl into a shell as the rest of the world moves ahead. Two hundred years ago a man wrote in his diary these words: "Many thinking people believe America has seen its best days." That was written in 1775, just before the American Revolution--the dawn of the most exciting era in the history of man. And today we hear the echoes of those voices, preaching a gospel of gloom and defeat, saying the same thing: "We have seen our best days." I say, let Americans reply: "Our best days lie ahead." As we move into a generation of peace, as we blaze the trail toward the new prosperity, I say to every American: Let us raise our spirits. Let us raise our sights. Let all of us contribute all we can to this great and good country that has contributed so much to the progress of mankind. Let us invest in our Nation's future, and let us revitalize that faith in ourselves that built a great nation in the past and that will shape the world of the future. Thank you and good evening. Note: The President spoke at 9 p.m. in the Oval Office at the White House. His address was broadcast live on radio and television. On the same day, the White House released an advance text of the President's address and the transcript of a news briefing on the new economic policy by John B. Connally, Secretary of the Treasury, George P. Shultz, Director, Office of Management and Budget, and Patti W. McCracken, Chairman, Council of Economic Advisers. In Dallas, Tex., on August 19, 1971, Press Secretary Ronald L. Ziegler read a statement about the reaction of the Governor of Texas to the wage-price freeze. It is printed in the Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents (vol. 7, p. 1204). On August 20, the White House released the transcript of a news briefing by Caspar W. Weinberger, Chairman, Regulations and Purchasing Review Board, and Deputy Director, Office of Management and Budget, on the efforts of the Board to insure that the suppliers of Government purchases are in full compliance with the wage-price freeze.

🧑🏻‍🎓سئوال شمارۀ 7: محورهای اصلی " New Economic Policy " اعلام شده توسط ریچارد نیکسون در سخنرانی (August 15, 1971) را نوشته و دلایل هر کدام را شرح داده و توضیح دهید که نیکسون در مورد اجرای کدام قسمت از کدامیک از سیاستهای اعلام شده دروغ گفته بود و چرا.

Troy weight is a system of units of mass that originated in 15th-century England, and is primarily used in the precious metals industry. The troy weight units are the grain, the pennyweight (24 grains), the troy ounce (20 pennyweights), and the troy pound (12 troy ounces). The troy grain is equal to the grain unit of the avoirdupois system, but the troy ounce is heavier than the avoirdupois ounce, and the troy pound is lighter than the avoirdupois pound. One troy ounce (oz t) equals exactly 31.1034768 grams. A troy ounce is a system of weights used for precious metals and gems, based on a pound of 12 ounces as opposed to the traditional 16. A troy ounce is 31.1034768 grams or 0.0311034768 kilograms.

Hanson, Neil. The Custom of the Sea. London: Endeavour Press, 2017.

📖 Hanson, Neil. The Custom of the Sea. London: Endeavour Press, 2017.

Chapter 9 When they shared out the next ration of turnip, Tom held his piece in his mouth as long as he could, but most of the moisture had already evaporated from the tin and within a few minutes it felt as rough and dry as pumice. It was all he could do to chew and swallow it. He took a handful of the boy’s hair in his left hand, holding his head still against the boards, then plunged the knife into his neck. He jerked the blade sideways, severing an artery and slicing into the windpipe, then dropped the knife and held the metal bowl against Richard’s neck.

Cannibalism at sea: the starving Victorian sailors who ate a cabin boy When, in 1884, the starving crew of the ill-fated yacht Mignonette sacrificed a man in order to survive, the horrific killing became immortalised in legal history, relates Carl Thompson On 19 May 1884 four men set sail from Southampton in a small yacht. They were professional sailors tasked with taking their vessel, the Mignonette, to its new owner in Australia. As men reared to the sea, born and raised in coastal communities, they were under no illusions as to the dangers of an ocean voyage. Yet none of the Mignonette’s crew can have anticipated the full horror that lay ahead. And they certainly could not have imagined that their voyage, and the ordeal they would endure, would leave a lasting legal and cultural legacy – a legacy that extends right down to the present day. The Mignonette’s captain, Tom Dudley, was 31 years old and a proven yachtsman. Of his crew, Ned Brooks and mate Edwin Stephens were likewise seasoned sailors. The final crew-member, cabin boy Richard Parker, was just 17 years old and making his first voyage on the open sea; however, he came from a seafaring family and had sailed extensively on inshore waters. On 5 July, sailing from Madeira to Cape Town, the Mignonette was sunk by a giant wave. Its crew escaped in the yacht’s dinghy but found themselves in a desperate situation...

Lifeboat ethics: Would you sacrifice one life to save many? HarvardX 2:24 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bcKg7a3lNzw

🧑🏻‍🎓سئوال شمارۀ 8: حالا که کتابش را گذاشتم، اگر کشتی تفریحی کلاس شما بر اثر یک سانحه در نقطه ای پر از کوسه از اقیانوس که با نزدیک ترین خشکی هزاران کیلومتر فاصله دارد در حال غرق شدن باشد و قایق نجات کشتی شما هم به هیچ وجه گنجایش تمام دانشجویان کلاس را نداشته باشد، با استفاده از آنچه در درس اقتصاد سیاسی بین الملل مطالعه نموده اید با ذکر نام و نام خانوادگی توضیح دهید چه کسانی را قبل از غرق شدن کشتی سوار قایق های نجات می کنید و چرا؟

🍉🍌🍋🍊🍐🍎🍏🍇🍓🍈🍒🍑🥭🍍🥬🍦🍨🍧🥤🍹🍸🍷 راستی اصلا ناراحت نباشید، چیزی که عوض داره گله نداره، ماه رمضان تمام شد سر کلاس یه سری چیزهایی خوشمزه و مقوی میخوریم و به آنان که ماه رمضان در برابر دیدگان امت روزه دار کلاس قلپ فلپ آب خوردند نمیدیم، چندبار هم این کار را میکنیم! 🍉🍌🍋🍊🍐🍎🍏🍇🍓🍈🍒🍑🥭🍍🥬🍦🍨🍧🥤🍹🍸🍷

🌺🌷🌹💐🌺🌷🌹💐🌺🌷🌹💐🌺🌷🌹💐🌺🌷🌹💐 اللّهُمَّ اَهْلَ الْکِبْرِیاَّءِ وَالْعَظَمَهِ وَاَهْلَ الْجُودِ وَالْجَبَرُوتِ وَاَهْلَ الْعَفْوِ وَالرَّحْمَهِ وَاَهْلَ التَّقْوی وَالْمَغْفِرَهِ اَسْئَلُکَ بِحَقِّ هذَا الْیَومِ الَّذی جَعَلْتَهُ لِلْمُسْلِمینَ عیداً وَلِمُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّی اللّهُ عَلَیْهِ وَ الِهِ ذُخْراً وَشَرَفاً وَمَزِیْداً اَنْ تُصَلِّیَ عَلی مُحَمَّدٍ وَ الِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَاَنْ تُدْخِلَنی فی کُلِّ خَیْرٍ اَدْخَلْتَ فیهِ مُحَمَّداً وَ الَ مُحَمَّدٍ وَاَنْ تُخْرِجَنی مِنْ کُلِّ سُوَّءٍ اَخْرَجْتَ مِنْهُ مُحَمَّداً وَ الَ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَواتُکَ عَلَیْهِ وَعَلَیْهِمْ اَللّهُمَّ اِنّی اَسْئَلُکَ خَیْرَ ما سَئَلَکَ مِنْهُ عِبادُکَ الصّالِحُونَ وَاَعُوذُ بِکَ مِمَّا اسْتَعاذَ مِنْهُ عِبادُکَ الْمُخلَصونَ 🌺🌷🌹💐🌺🌷🌹💐🌺🌷🌹💐🌺🌷🌹💐🌺🌷🌹💐