زیباکلام: همین بحث (ابلهانه) را من در مورد گندم هم دارم من معتقدم تولید گندم به خودکفایی گندم رسیدن خطاست چه آقای هاشمی رفسنجانی این کار را بکنه، چه آقای خاتمی این کار را بکنه ...

Kazakhstan Imposes Quota on Wheat Exports Regional integration is often touted as a logical solution to problems like food insecurity, but it won’t necessarily solve a region-wide problem. By Catherine Putz April 19, 2022 Last week, Kazakhstan announced temporary quotas on exports of wheat and wheat flour, heightening regional concerns about food supplies. The quotas, which went into effect on April 15, will be in place until at least June 15 and limit exports of wheat grain to 1 million tonnes and wheat flour to 300,000 tonnes. Kazakhstan is a major global supplier of grains but an especially critical supply for its Central Asian neighbors. According to the International Grains Council (ICG), in the 2020-2021 season Kazakhstan exported an estimated 8.1 million tons (7.3 metric tons or tonnes) of wheat. In 2020, wheat accounted for more than a quarter of all Kazakh exports to Uzbekistan, for example. And in Tajikistan, Kazakh wheat is even more critical: Wheat alone accounted for more than 33 percent of all Kazakh exports to Tajikistan in 2020 and in that same year 96 percent of all the wheat Tajikistan imported came from Kazakhstan. According to RFE/RL, Tajikistan purchases nearly 1 million tons of wheat from Kazakhstan each year.

Tajikistan will face severe food shortages if Kazakhstan prolongs its wheat export restrictions beyond June 17:07, april 15Author: Asia-Plus Kazakhstan's decision to ban wheat exports is really bad news for the country’s poorer Central Asian neighbors, which get some 90 percent of their wheat imports from their northern neighbor, says an article posted on Radio Liberty’s website on April 14. Central Asian Neighbors to Feel the Pain as Kazakhstan Suspends Wheat, Flour Exports says Kazakhstan also imports relatively inexpensive wheat from Russia to use domestically and to resell to other countries. But Russia, the world’s largest wheat exporter, temporarily banned grain exports to its fellow members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) -- Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Belarus, and Armenia -- in March. The Kazakh Agriculture Ministry now says it will limit wheat and flour exports to 1 million tons and 300,000 tons, respectively, for three months starting on April 15. It’s not clear if the restrictions will be extended beyond that date. The Russian government said it was suspending wheat, rye, barley, and maize exports until June 30 to “protect the domestic food market in the face of external constraints” amid harsh Western sanctions.

Kazakhstan considers limiting grain and flour exports in Freight News 06/04/2022 Kazakhstan is considering temporarily limiting grain and flour exports after neighbour Russia banned grain exports, Agriculture Minister Yerbol Karashukeyev said on Monday. He provided no detail of the possible limitations. Kazakhstan has used export quotas in the past. Karashukeyev said the authorities wanted to ensure farmers would meet domestic demand before exporting their produce. Kazakhstan usually exports grains to neighbouring Central Asian nations and Afghanistan; it also ships some to China and to Black Sea ports. At the same time, Kazakhstan usually imports limited volumes of wheat from Russia. The government of Uzbekistan, one of the key buyers of Kazakh grains, said on Monday it plans to buy up to 600,000 tonnes of grain from Kazakhstan and elsewhere to boost state stockpiles and ensure domestic food security as global food prices spike. Source: Reuters (Reporting by Tamara Vaal; writing by Olzhas Auyezov; editing by Jason Neely, Kirsten Donovan)

الان (یا در واقع از 2022 به بعد) خیلی راحت میشه با اخبار مربوط به سهمیه بندی صادرات گندم و غلات توسط قزاقستان جواب (انشاالله فقط) اشتباهات روحانی / زیباکلام / عراقچی (و شرکا) را داد، اما شما باید فرض کنید امروز 56 آبان 1395 هست و با استفاده از مفاهیمی مانند (Comparative Advantage)، (Absolute Advantage)، ( Opportunity Cost ) و (Economic Justification) استدلال نظری برای این مدل انحرافات داشته باشید.

حالت، ابوالقاسم. زباله ها و نخاله ها: مجموعه مقالات طنز آمیز. تهران: انتشارات گوتنبرگ، 2536 (1356).

📖 حالت، ابوالقاسم. زباله ها و نخاله ها: مجموعه مقالات طنز آمیز. تهران: انتشارات گوتنبرگ، 2536 (1356).

حالت، ابوالقاسم. یا مفت یا مفت: مجموعه مقالات طنزآمیز. تهران: انتشارات گوتنبرگ، 1357.

📖 حالت، ابوالقاسم. یا مفت یا مفت: مجموعه مقالات طنزآمیز. تهران: انتشارات گوتنبرگ، 1357.

حالت، ابوالقاسم. صدای پای عزرائیل. تهران: انتشارات گوتنبرگ، 1357.

📖 حالت، ابوالقاسم. صدای پای عزرائیل. تهران: انتشارات گوتنبرگ، 1357.

Downs, Anthony. An Economic Theory of Democracy. New York: Harper and Row, 1957.