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Foreign currency Local currencies the German way: the chiemgauer https://www.theguardian.com/money/2011/sep/23/local-currencies-german-chiemgauer The chiemgauer, a school currency project in southern Germany, is the envy of other currency schemes as shoppers opt for local cash to spend in local shops Jon Palmer and Patrick Collinson Fri 23 Sep 2011 23.02 BST ——————————- it started as a school project by Christian Gelleri, an economics teacher in southern Germany who wanted to teach a group of 16-year-olds about finance in a novel way – by creating their own money, to be used in local shops and businesses. They called it the "chiemgauer" and eight years on, the project has turned into the world's most successful alternative currency. But this isn't a story about Germany's waning enthusiasm for the euro. It's about a growing number of chiemgauer users who see the currency as a great way of keeping money within the businesses and communities where it is generated and earned, rather than pouring it into the coffers of chain stores and globalised banks. Gelleri put his students in charge of designing the currency vouchers, as well as managing its accounts and administering the scheme. The currency was pegged to the euro on a one-to-one basis, with notes in denominations of one to 50. In its first year, the notes struggled to gain acceptance in what is one of the most prosperous and conservative parts of Germany, achieving a turnover of just €75,000 (£65,500). Only 130 individuals signed up, with just a few local stores willing to take the new currency. But last year turnover reached €5.1m, and the chiemgauer, named after a region in Bavaria, is now accepted by more than 600 businesses in the Rosenheim-Traunstein area where it operates. It is estimated that around 2,500 people regularly use the currency and along the way it has also earned more than €100,000 for local non-profit organisations. In Britain, there have been various attempts to introduce local currencies to stimulate the local economy, such as Lewes, Totnes and Brixton pounds, but to date none has taken off. Gill Seyfang, a specialist in "new economics" at the University of East Anglia, says: "The chiemgauer has been massively successful, it's off the scale in comparison with others. We are actually quite used to alternative forms of money – after all, that's what Airmiles or loyalty points from supermarkets are. But why haven't the Lewes pound or the Lets [local exchange trading schemes] been more successful? There are all sorts of reasons, but principally it seems that people love the idea of it, but in practice it doesn't seem to function very well. The currency doesn't achieve critical mass and shops don't want to take it because their suppliers won't accept it, and so on. It doesn't deliver enough material benefits for it to be wanted for its own sake. But you also have to look at these schemes in other ways. Often it's about local engagement and rewarding neighbourliness." The chiemgauer has managed to bring on board local co-operative banks and credit organisations, and it's even possible to pay in chiemgauer using a debit card, run by Regios, an association of co-operative banks. What makes the chiemgauer different to conventional currency is that it automatically loses value if you don't spend it. Unlike traditional money that can be saved, the chiemgauer is only valid for three months – the idea being that it must be spent, thereby boosting the local economy. If the notes aren't spent, they can be renewed by buying a stamp that costs 2% of the note's face value – so over a year, the currency depreciates 8%. Notes can be renewed up to seven times.

Chiemgauer is a regional local currency started in 2003 in Prien am Chiemsee, Bavaria, Germany. Named after the Chiemgau, a region around the Chiemsee lake, it is intended to increase local employment, supporting local culture, and make the local food supply more resilient

https://www.youtube.com/embed/JrlSag_tkLo?feature=oembed The Benefits of Local Currencies In theory, local currencies offer several economic benefits, such as: 1. Local currencies encourage consumers to shop at local businesses, i.e., the ones accepting the local currency; 2. The money stays within the community instead of being exported to large companies in distant countries; 3. Local currencies increase the local money supply, which increases demand and stimulates local production and employment; 4. Individuals and businesses can bypass conventional credit channels (with local exchange trading systems). Local currencies become thus an alternative source of capital for which the interest (if any) will circulate back to the community; 5. Increases the ability of locals to make more informed choices when they go shopping; 6. The reduction of carbon footprints as local businesses are more likely to buy from local suppliers, reducing the kilometers/miles goods have to be transported; 7. Local currencies make the social and ecological consequences of economic decisions harder to ignore; 8. They help reverse the globalization and homogenization of cultures trend, connecting people to other people and places they see every day; 9. Local currencies help raise a flag on the identity of a region, potentially attracting visitors and press. The Disadvantages of Local Currencies Depending on the currency type, there are several distinct disadvantages compared to a national currency, including the fact that it may limit them in terms of usage and, depending on the issuing process, prone to volatility and inflation. Instead of offering a true alternative currency, most local currencies have social goals that are limited in scope and hard to implement in today’s highly globalised economy. As an alternative, incentives for the local economy to grow – without using a different currency – and reviewing external subsidies might be interesting actions too. https://youmatter.world/en/what-are-local-currencies-examples/

Cashing in on local French currencies - FRANCE 24 English https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sapa2UQrhIQ

France Has Over 40 Currencies Besides the Euro by Jenny Hughes - August 27, 2018 https://frenchly.us/france-has-40-currencies-besides-the-euro/ On your next trip to France, instead of pulling out euros to pay for your baguette at the local boulangerie, you could pay with Abeilles and no one would question you. That’s just one of some 40 currencies besides the euro that are accepted in France. (According to Lucas Rochette-Berlon, who cofounded the group Une monnaie pour Paris, in 2016 there were about 60 local currencies.) It’s not a phenomenon unique to France. Around the world, there are hundreds of these complementary currencies. Local currencies debuted in France in 2010 after the financial crisis as a way to support local economies, since local currencies can only be used in a certain town or area. (Abeilles can only be used in Villeneuve-sur-Lot, Occitans in Pézenas, Languedoc-Roussillon, etc.) Not every store in a town will accept the local currency. Only stores where using the local currency will contribute to the immediate town and surrounding area will accept the currency. So your boulanger will gladly take your Occitans because the bread was made using wheat grown in the area by local farmers, but the Carrefour will not accept that currency. Some currencies are printed on paper and others are paperless to cut costs. The exchange rate is always one euro to one local currency. To learn more about local currencies in France and the new Paris currency, la pêche, check out the video below.

مسائل پولي و بانكي بين المللي (پردیس البرز) درس(ت): چهارشنبه ۱۵:۰۰-۱۷:۰۰ امتحان(۱۴۰۲/۰۳/۳۱) ساعت : ۰۹:۰۰-۱۱:۰۰ 🟡🟢🔵🟣🔴🟠🟤🟡🟢🔵🟣🔴🟠🟤 ⚠️ تاریخ و ساعت امتحان را حتما مجددا بررسی نموده و در صورت مشاهدۀ تغییر اطلاع رسانی نمایید.

تجربیات قبلی نشون داده که 25% کلاس اصلا نمیتونه ساعت 1 بیاد 25% هم نمیتونه ساعت 3 بیاد و 75% کلاس هم هر ساعتی بیاد مشقی نمیاره، لذا این که ساعت اعلام شده به آموزش را تغییر بدیم و وقتهایی که روزه نیستیم گشنه و تشنه بریم سر کلاس توجیه چندانی نداره - من هر وقت رسیدم خبر میدم اما بهتره که شما الآن برید ناهار.

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