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University Of Tehran Professor Of International Relations On U.S.-Iran Developments January 8, 2020 4:24 PM ET Heard on All Things Considered https://www.npr.org/2020/01/08/794704333/university-of-tehran-professor-of-international-relations-on-u-s-iran-developmen https://www.npr.org/transcripts/794704333 NPR's Mary Louise Kelly talks with Nasser Hadian, a professor of international relations at the University of Tehran, about the state of the relationship between the U.S. and Iran.

HADIAN: As I said, as an ever-optimist, you know, I've spent a lot of my time in U.S. America is like my second home. So undoubtedly what I would love to see is a much, much better relationship between Iran and the U.S. And even if you go right now, just go by yourself, tell your Americans, anybody you want, you see how they treat you, the hospitality. KELLY: You're hopeful. Is this a realistic hope? HADIAN: Yes. KELLY: There've been 40 years of troubles between our countries. HADIAN: Yes. To me, as I said that, if we can, let's make a deal. Let the country make a deal with President Trump. We are better off to make a deal with him, before his election. And we have some cards in our hands which can help him to be reelected. KELLY: You're saying there may be an opportunity, even in this... HADIAN: Exactly. KELLY: ...Extremely tense and difficult moment. HADIAN: My exact phrase was things will get worse before getting better. It has already happened. But I hope not very much worse. And then I'm hopeful that, you know, we can move to a better relationship. All of my worries about from now to next week. KELLY: One day at a time. HADIAN: Yes. If we can put us - put behind ourselves this week, and then this month, I'm hopeful things will be changed - will change relatively shortly. KELLY: Professor Hadian, thank you. HADIAN: You're welcome. KELLY: Thank you. Shall we order? (LAUGHTER) HADIAN: Of course, yes. CORNISH: That's professor Nasser Hadian of Tehran University sharing tea and conversation with our colleague, Mary Louise Kelly. Copyright © 2020 NPR. All rights reserved. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information. NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by an NPR contractor. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. Accuracy and availability may vary. The authoritative record of NPR’s programming is the audio record.

University Of Tehran Professor Of International Relations On U.S.-Iran Developments January 8, 2020 4:24 PM ET Heard on All Things Considered https://www.npr.org/2020/01/08/794704333/university-of-tehran-professor-of-international-relations-on-u-s-iran-developmen https://www.npr.org/transcripts/794704333 NPR's Mary Louise Kelly talks with Nasser Hadian, a professor of international relations at the University of Tehran, about the state of the relationship between the U.S. and Iran. AUDIE CORNISH, HOST: As many Americans have been nervously monitoring the news for the latest on the story in Iran, people are doing the same thing, debating what may happen next, wondering whether their country might be headed for war. Our co-host, Mary Louise Kelly, is in Iran this week. This afternoon found her in a Tehran coffee shop, where she'd arranged to meet one especially news-obsessed Iranian. MARY LOUISE KELLY, BYLINE: Pleased to meet you. I'm Mary Louise. Nasser Hadian first visited the U.S. as a student in the late '70s, before the revolution in Iran. He has closely tracked U.S.-Iran relations ever since, including from his perch as a professor of international relations at Tehran University. You OK if we use our microphones? It's fine, yeah? We settled in at a table near the window of Rossotti Cafe (ph), the air thick with shisha smoke, Iranians chattering around us. And I asked about next moves, what he's watching for next from the U.S., whether Iran will feel compelled to act beyond the missile attacks on military bases in Iraq. NASSER HADIAN: You know, they both can claim victory. Neither of them wants war. So things are going to remain the same. Things are going to remain within control. KELLY: Still, Nasser Hadian concedes that what passes for in control right now makes him pretty uneasy. You've been a professor of international relations for three decades. Have you ever seen a worse moment in U.S.-Iran relations than this week? HADIAN: Never - than this week. I was - as I said, that - I can tell you for the last three, four nights, had to sleep all together, not more than five, six hours. I was really worried about... KELLY: People in both our countries are doing this, yes. HADIAN: Yeah, after - because - it was particularly after the killing of the general, Soleimani. You know, I knew that Iran is going to do something, I mean, because the expectation was so high. Hardly any government official could be silent or not to do anything. And to me, of course, the government should have acted more prudently, managed expectations, but that in case if they didn't want to do anything, they had the opportunity. KELLY: I want to put to you a question that I have been asked by people back home this week. People say, does Iran feel like a country about to go to war, a country on war footing? And I feel funny asking it of you because we're sitting in this lovely cafe with people smoking and drinking nice drinks and tea around us. And it's so crowded with people having a birthday celebration upstairs, we couldn't get a table. Does it feel - because I don't usually live here - does it feel different? Does it feel like a country gearing up for a greater conflict? HADIAN: No. They don't think it is going to be a war, but it may be a little bit deceptive. Let's not forget that many of the people who are the decision-maker today are veterans of the war. KELLY: The Iran-Iraq War. HADIAN: Iran-Iraq War for eight years, and they are scared of war. That may not necessarily be a positive thing. OK. So if we can pass one week, we are safe. And then we begin the normal politics, which is not necessarily a very safe politics, but it's still very much calculated politics. KELLY: Let me ask you to look to five years from now. You and I are sitting at this table. We're in this cafe in 2025. We have a little more gray hair, but otherwise everything is as is. What is your hope for your country's place in the world, your country's relationship with the United States?

🏆 Read An Article From The BBC With Me | Advanced English Vocabulary Lesson (FREE LESSON PDF) JForrest English 24:52 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YhxrCdyniVo China urges calm over 'spy' balloon in US airspace https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-64521570

🏆 Read An Article From The BBC With Me | Advanced English Vocabulary Lesson (FREE LESSON PDF) JForrest English 24:52 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YhxrCdyniVo China urges calm over 'spy' balloon in US airspace https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-64521570

Read An Article From CNN With Me | Advanced English Vocabulary Lesson JForrest English 22:21 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wExbr2uX2zE ‘Total miscalculation’: China goes into crisis management mode on balloon fallout Analysis by Simone McCarthy and Nectar Gan, CNN Updated 11:28 AM EST, Tue February 7, 2023 https://www.cnn.com/2023/02/06/china/china-response-suspected-spy-balloon-intl-hnk/index.html

‘Total miscalculation’: China goes into crisis management mode on balloon fallout Analysis by Simone McCarthy and Nectar Gan, CNN Updated 11:28 AM EST, Tue February 7, 2023 https://www.cnn.com/2023/02/06/china/china-response-suspected-spy-balloon-intl-hnk/index.html

Learn English with News: English Conversation & Vocabulary Training | Speaking English Lesson Rachel's English 19:48 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jkdnn6klg7w

Learn English with News: English Conversation & Vocabulary Training | Speaking English Lesson https://rachelsenglish.com/english-conversation-vocabulary-training/

Video Text: https://rachelsenglish.com/english-conversation-vocabulary-training/ I’m feeling the heat this summer – and I will say it really helps to hit the pool or the beach. Today we’re going to study English with a story about a lifeguard shortage in the US. You’ll learn some more advanced vocabulary as well as phrasal verbs and idioms, and we’ll also break down some grammar. Click here or in the video description to get my free cheat sheet, the sounds of American English, an illustrated guide to all the sounds. It’s a great reference tool and even I use it quite a bit. This clip is from the morning show Good Morning America, and I’ll link to the full news story in the video description. Now with a new warning as America heads back to beaches and pools this summer, there’s a nation-wide lifeguard shortage. “Nation-wide” simply means across the nation, the whole nation. You may have also heard city-wide, school-wide, or company-wide. The changes to the dress code are school-wide. That means every child, in every grade, has to follow the new dress code. Why the hyphen here? This means it’s a compound adjective. Both words go together to describe the noun, which in this case is ‘shortage’. It’s not a nation shortage, it’s not a wide shortage, it’s a nation-wide shortage. Since the two go together to describe the noun, you want a hyphen and not a comma. Some other phrases with hyphenated compound adjectives: an ice-cold drink deep-fried onion rings A tight-knit community Now with a new warning as America heads back to beaches and pools this summer, there’s a nation-wide lifeguard shortage. A shortage is something that there’s not enough of. Right now in the US, there’s a big staffing shortage. A lot of companies can’t fill open positions; there aren’t enough workers. At the beginning of the pandemic, a lot of people bought a bunch of toilet paper, so that meant for everyone else, there was a toilet paper shortage. A huge thanks to all my supporters here on YouTube and my subscribers on Facebook, everyone who has joined my channel. Youtube gives you special badges to make your comments pop, early release of videos when available, access to members-only posts and videos, and the top tier gets a free monthly audio lesson. Thank you! Click JOIN to learn more. Now with a new warning as America heads back to beaches and pools this summer, there’s a nation-wide lifeguard shortage. When talking about not having enough of something, you might also hear the phrase to “run short on” – this means that the number has decreased to very few and is almost zero. I’m running short on cash. I’m running short on time today; I don’t have any free time. You might also see ‘run low on’. The store asked if I could pay with credit card because they were running low on change. Let’s continue. There are 36 of these lifeguard stations up and down beautiful Miami beach, manned by nearly twice as many lifeguards during the day. “Up and down.” You’ve probably heard this as a reference to vertical space. Up and down the stairs. Up and down the elevator. But we also use it to describe horizontal space. Up and down the beach. Along the coast. Up and down the aisle. Usually, it describes a shape of land or space that is long and narrow. Up and down the highway. He says the beach’s lifeguard stands are “manned” by lifeguards. If something is manned, that means there are humans present, usually it means working there. In other words, staffed. Manned does not mean only men – women too. An unmanned space mission would be when something is sent into space without a human crew. In this case, the stations are manned by lifeguards.

Manned is the same thing as staffed, and earlier, I said there is a staffing shortage. Staff has a couple different meanings, like in sheet music, the staff is the structure that the notes are on, and it’s also a long stick used for walking, or even as a weapon. But the most common meaning is how we’re using it here: the people employed by an organization. The staff meeting is at 8. The faculty and staff have the week off. Faculty would be professors at a college, and the staff would be the people who support the university in offices. All the staff needs to be available the week of Christmas: the dishwashers, servers, managers, line cooks, and so on. All the restaurant’s staff. There are 36 of these lifeguard stations up and down beautiful Miami beach, manned by nearly twice as many lifeguards during the day. Thirty-six stands manned by nearly twice as many lifeguards. Do the math. He means the beach has almost 72 lifeguards on duty. Nearly twice as many. Other ways to say ‘twice as many’: double; twice the number of; or two times as many. There are 36 of these lifeguard stations up and down beautiful Miami beach, manned by nearly twice as many lifeguards during the day. This summer, swim at your own risk. That’s the urgent message from several beaches and pools across the country that are left unguarded because of a critical lack of lifeguards. Urgent. What a great adjective! Let’s look at some synonyms that could be used in this context: vital; serious; pressing; crucial; important. Urgent carries the idea that something is time-sensitive. You get an urgent phone call from a family member. You should answer the call because something needs your attention right away. Alternatively, you send an email request to a coworker, but write “not urgent” in the subject line because the issue can wait a few days. That’s the urgent message from several beaches and pools across the country that are left unguarded because of a critical lack of lifeguards. Unguarded. Adding the prefix -un to the beginning of a word is one of the most common ways to negate the meaning of a word, the opposite. Usual–unusual. Interesting–uninteresting. Important–unimportant. So, unguarded tells us that these areas are not protected by lifeguards. I also hear the word “unguarded” used to describe whether someone shares something private or personal. When I first started dating my husband, I was pretty guarded. It takes me a while to get comfortable with people and start sharing more of myself, it takes time for me to become more unguarded. To be unguarded means that you are candid; accessible; direct, you share a lot about yourself. And before we move on from this segment, did you catch a synonym for “shortage” here? That’s the urgent message from several beaches and pools across the country that are left unguarded because of a critical lack of lifeguards. A lack of something is a shortage, absence, or scarcity of something. There’s a lack of motivation among students at the end of the semester. They don’t feel like doing anything–especially studying. He lacks confidence. He doesn’t feel like he can do it.