هدایت شده از Strategy
DefiningPublicAdministration2000(DrPirouz).pdf
حجم:
38.59M
📖 Shafritz, Jay M. (Editor in Chief). Defining Public Administration: Selections from the International Encyclopedia of Public Policy and Administration. Boulder: Westview Press, 2000.
Richard Nixon
264 - Address to the Nation Outlining a New Economic Policy: "The Challenge of Peace."
August 15, 1971
...The third indispensable element in building the new prosperity is closely related to creating new jobs and halting inflation. We must protect the position of the American dollar as a pillar of monetary stability around the world.
In the past 7 years, there has been an average of one international monetary crisis every year. Now who gains from these crises? Not the workingman; not the investor; not the real producers of wealth. The gainers are the international money speculators. Because they thrive on crises, they help to create them.
In recent weeks, the speculators have been waging an all-out war on the American dollar. The strength of a nation's currency is based on the strength of that nation's economy--and the American economy is by far the strongest in the world. Accordingly, I have directed the Secretary of the Treasury to take the action necessary to defend the dollar against the speculators.
I have directed Secretary Connally to suspend temporarily the convertibility of the dollar into gold or other reserve assets, except in amounts and conditions determined to be in the interest of monetary stability and in the best interests of the United States.
Now, what is this action--which is very technical--what does it mean for you?
Let me lay to rest the bugaboo of what is called devaluation.
If you want to buy a foreign car or take a trip abroad, market conditions may cause your dollar to buy slightly less. But if you are among the overwhelming majority of Americans who buy American-made products in America, your dollar will be worth just as much tomorrow as it is today.
The effect of this action, in other words, will be to stabilize the dollar.
Now, this action will not win us any friends among the international money traders. But our primary concern is with the American workers, and with fair competition around the world.
To our friends abroad, including the many responsible members of the international banking community who are dedicated to stability and the flow of trade, I give this assurance: The United States has always been, and will continue to be, a forward-looking and trustworthy trading partner. In full cooperation with the International Monetary Fund and those who trade with us, we will press for the necessary reforms to set up an urgently needed new international monetary system. Stability and equal treatment is in everybody's best interest. I am determined that the American dollar must never again be a hostage in the hands of international speculators.
I am taking one further step to protect the dollar, to improve our balance of payments, and to increase jobs for Americans. As a temporary measure, I am today imposing an additional tax of 10 percent on goods imported into the United States.2 This is a better solution for international trade than direct controls on the amount of imports.
This import tax is a temporary action. It isn't directed against any other country. It is an action to make certain that American products will not be at a disadvantage because of unfair exchange rates. When the unfair treatment is ended, the import tax will end as well.
As a result of these actions, the product of American labor will be more competitive, and the unfair edge that some of our foreign competition has will be removed. This is a major reason why our trade balance has eroded over the past 15 years.
Richard Nixon: "Address to the Nation Outlining a New Economic Policy: "The Challenge of Peace."," August 15, 1971. Online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley, The American Presidency Project. http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=3115.
TheBrettonWoodsAgreements2019(DrPirouz).pdf
حجم:
4.63M
📖 Lamoreaux, Naomi; Shapiro, Ian (Editors). The Bretton Woods Agreements: Together with Scholarly Commentaries and Essential Historical Documents. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2019.
49.95M حجم رسانه بالاست
مشاهده در ایتا
The Challenge of Peace - President Nixon's Address to the Nation on A New Economic Policy
Mordad 25, 1393 AP · Uploaded by Richard Nixon Foundation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ye4uRvkAPhA
هدایت شده از Money
image_2022-05-02_05-29-56.png
حجم:
873.6K
فعلا که سه روزه پرداخت بدون هزینه و بلافاصله با رمز ارز TON روی تلگرام راه اندازی شده، برخورد موثر نشه ظرف یکی دو سه سال کل بانک مرکزی و تمام سیستم بانکی باید جمع کنن میشیم مثل زمان تاسیس بانک شاهی در دورۀ قاجار. اون موقع طفلک سید جمال الدین نوشت یه موسسه خارجی که مجوز نشر پول در داخل داشته باشه "عبارت از این است که زمام ملت را یک جا به دست دشمنان اسلام داده و مسلمانان را بنده آنها نموده و سلطنت و آقایی کفار را بر آنها بپذیرند" ولی کی فهمید؟!
هدایت شده از IPE
22.95M حجم رسانه بالاست
مشاهده در ایتا
John Kenneth Galbraith interview (1994)
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Thus Galbraith: The Life and Times of John Kenneth Galbraith
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University of California Television (UCTV) 51:40
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