America’s Most Profitable Export: Money The world has a growing appetite for small green pieces of paper with Benjamin Franklin on the front. By Binyamin Appelbaum March 9, 2019 https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/09/opinion/sunday/money-dollar-100.html America’s most profitable export product is not oil or medicine or Hollywood movies or Boeing airplanes. It is a small green piece of paper with Benjamin Franklin on the front. Last year, the United States exported $65.3 billion of its currency — mostly $100 bills. The world needs an international currency, and the dollar is the obvious candidate because the United States, for all its economic troubles, remains the hub of the global economy. United States government debt is the world’s most popular investment, and the bonds can be purchased only with dollars. Oil is the world’s dominant trade good, and it also is priced and sold in dollars. Much like Facebook, everybody uses dollars because everybody uses dollars.

Kazakhstan Imposes Quota on Wheat Exports Regional integration is often touted as a logical solution to problems like food insecurity, but it won’t necessarily solve a region-wide problem. By Catherine Putz April 19, 2022 Last week, Kazakhstan announced temporary quotas on exports of wheat and wheat flour, heightening regional concerns about food supplies. The quotas, which went into effect on April 15, will be in place until at least June 15 and limit exports of wheat grain to 1 million tonnes and wheat flour to 300,000 tonnes. Kazakhstan is a major global supplier of grains but an especially critical supply for its Central Asian neighbors. According to the International Grains Council (ICG), in the 2020-2021 season Kazakhstan exported an estimated 8.1 million tons (7.3 metric tons or tonnes) of wheat. In 2020, wheat accounted for more than a quarter of all Kazakh exports to Uzbekistan, for example. And in Tajikistan, Kazakh wheat is even more critical: Wheat alone accounted for more than 33 percent of all Kazakh exports to Tajikistan in 2020 and in that same year 96 percent of all the wheat Tajikistan imported came from Kazakhstan. According to RFE/RL, Tajikistan purchases nearly 1 million tons of wheat from Kazakhstan each year.

Tajikistan will face severe food shortages if Kazakhstan prolongs its wheat export restrictions beyond June 17:07, april 15Author: Asia-Plus Kazakhstan's decision to ban wheat exports is really bad news for the country’s poorer Central Asian neighbors, which get some 90 percent of their wheat imports from their northern neighbor, says an article posted on Radio Liberty’s website on April 14. Central Asian Neighbors to Feel the Pain as Kazakhstan Suspends Wheat, Flour Exports says Kazakhstan also imports relatively inexpensive wheat from Russia to use domestically and to resell to other countries. But Russia, the world’s largest wheat exporter, temporarily banned grain exports to its fellow members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) -- Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Belarus, and Armenia -- in March. The Kazakh Agriculture Ministry now says it will limit wheat and flour exports to 1 million tons and 300,000 tons, respectively, for three months starting on April 15. It’s not clear if the restrictions will be extended beyond that date. The Russian government said it was suspending wheat, rye, barley, and maize exports until June 30 to “protect the domestic food market in the face of external constraints” amid harsh Western sanctions.

Kazakhstan considers limiting grain and flour exports in Freight News 06/04/2022 Kazakhstan is considering temporarily limiting grain and flour exports after neighbour Russia banned grain exports, Agriculture Minister Yerbol Karashukeyev said on Monday. He provided no detail of the possible limitations. Kazakhstan has used export quotas in the past. Karashukeyev said the authorities wanted to ensure farmers would meet domestic demand before exporting their produce. Kazakhstan usually exports grains to neighbouring Central Asian nations and Afghanistan; it also ships some to China and to Black Sea ports. At the same time, Kazakhstan usually imports limited volumes of wheat from Russia. The government of Uzbekistan, one of the key buyers of Kazakh grains, said on Monday it plans to buy up to 600,000 tonnes of grain from Kazakhstan and elsewhere to boost state stockpiles and ensure domestic food security as global food prices spike. Source: Reuters (Reporting by Tamara Vaal; writing by Olzhas Auyezov; editing by Jason Neely, Kirsten Donovan)

عباس عراقچی، معاون وقت وزارت امور خارجه در ۲۵ آبان ۹۵ : آیا بهتر نیست به جای خودکفایی در تولید گندم، آن را از قزاقستان وارد کنیم؟! الان قزاقستان مرکز تولید گندم دنیاست؛ می‌توان با راه‌آهن در حال تأسیس بین ایران و قزاقستان و با کمترین هزینه، هر مقدار گندم را که نیاز هست وارد کنیم!

زیباکلام: همین بحث (ابلهانه) را من در مورد گندم هم دارم من معتقدم تولید گندم به خودکفایی گندم رسیدن خطاست چه آقای هاشمی رفسنجانی این کار را بکنه، چه آقای خاتمی این کار را بکنه ...

تهران فردا تعطیل است 🔹براساس تصمیم کمیته اضطرار آلودگی هوا، فردا تمام ادارات، مدارس و دانشگاه‌های استان تهران تعطیل خواهد بود اما بانک‌ها باز هستند. 🔸درمورد لغو امتحانات نهایی دانش‌آموزان باید آموزش‌وپرورش تصمیم‌گیری کند. @Farsna

اصلا غصه نخورید مجازی برگزار میکنم!!!

Lullaby - Russian Sleeping Song Relaxing Music 3:13 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YkvLUFc1aJs

Колыбельная - Сегодня Я Спою Тебе ♪ слушай или качай песню в mp3 бесплатно https://mufm.me/track/segodna-a-spou-tebe-dnrojxvn

Ross, Don. Philosophy of Economics. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014.

📖 Ross, Don. Philosophy of Economics. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014.