Muslims Storm U.S. Mission in Pakistan By Barbara Crossette, Special To the New York Times Feb. 13, 1989 Five people were killed and as many as 80 were reported injured today as the center of Islamabad was turned into a battlefield when several thousand Muslims marched on the American cultural center, throwing stones and demanding the death of an author and the banning of a book. The demonstration today, the culmination of protests all over Pakistan, was provoked by the publication in the United States of ''The Satanic Verses'' by Salman Rushdie. The book was banned here last year. Last week, the Pakistani National Assembly voted unanimously to condemn the book and its author as ''derogatory to the Holy Prophet and Islamic teaching.'' Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto's Justice Minister supported the condemnation, which also called on the Government to urge Britain and the United States to stop publication of the work, a fantasy that involves characters identifiable from Muslim history.